the disadvantage of extruded fish feed

extremely stable in water. Extruded floating feed cost is however, a significant disadvantage over locally produced dried and moist pellets (Lovell, 1988). In Nigeria, fish farming holds a promising future for teeming unemployed young adults. However

But there is a disadvantage of the hard particles shrimp feed, if the starch gelatinization degree is low in production process, the product will have poor water resistance. Increasing demand on extruded shrimp feed pellets in the near future

Palatability of fish feed pellets is increased by coating preformed pellets with a coating of soft and flexible consistency that may be formed of alginate or guar gum set by calcium chloride solution or may incorporate gum tragacanth, pectin or gelatin. US4935250A - Coated fish feed pellets - Google Patents.

almost 80% of all manufactured feed is pelleted, crumblized or cubed. The process of producing feed pellets can roughly be described as a plastic molding operation of the extrusion type. Feed ingredients are made up of various compounds such as proteins

The disadvantage of this method is the partial denaturation of protein under long heating. Nevertheless, mussel meat is subjected to convective drying and fine grinding to

fish meal is the main component of extruded feed for fish (New & Wijkstrom, 2002). It gives a selected quantity of minerals, amino acids, phospholipids and fatty acids. They easily digested and lead to increase growth rates and total yields. Every year the price of

Feeds that were supplied to a Government trout hatchery had been in storage for up to eight months before finally fed to fish. The result was high fish mortality following the appearance of symptoms of deficiencies in Vitamin C and E, two vitamins which are particularly affected by prolonged storage.

The filling is manufactured by mixing sunflower oil sludge, beetroot molasses, feed yeast, feed putrid mud and table salt taken with the specified ratio of components. EFFECT: invention allows increasing food and biological value of the feed produced. 3

Extruded diets are not commonly used for laboratory rodents because of the increased wastage during feeding and higher production costs. Diets in meal form are sometimes used because they permit incorporation of additives and test compounds after the diet has been manufactured.

This fine affects water quality and reduces feed conversion. Extruded products have an internal matrix system, which tends to increase resistance to mechanical handling in screw conveyors, automatic feeders or simply bag handling. Pelleted feeds generate 2% -

As a result, the extruded square profile will experience more die swell at the edges than the corners, causing the once square profile to become more circular. This can be compensated for by bowing in the sides of the die so it approximates the shape of a four-pointed star; the sides of the polymer melt will now swell to the intended dimensions.

Substitution of 50% fishmeal did not compromise growth, feed and nutrient efficiency. • Essential amino acid retention was not affected by meat and bone meal inclusion. • Replacement of fishmeal protein by meat and bone meal improved economic efficiency.

The major disadvantage of these feeds are I. The transportation and storage under refrigeration until use to prevent spoilage II. Irregular availability of fresh raw fish and other animal wastes in adequate quantities III. Introduction of pathogens, particularly from fishery

• Easily controllable, minimum chances of error. Under or over feeding is less likely. Can choose a most convenient time to feed the animals. • There is no disadvantage in feeding more frequently than once a day provided the intake is limited to daily needs.

By diverting too much energy (feed / nutrients) and attention to osmoregulation, fish may grow slower and neglect other important physiological functions, such as immune defenses. The salt balance of fish can be adversely affected by physical injuries caused by crowding and handling during harvest, grading, weighing, counting, loading, transporting, artificial spawning and other fish production activities.